Use of at() Function in C++ Vector

The vector is used in C++ to create the dynamic array and the size of the vector can be changed by adding or removing the elements. The at() function of the vector is used to access the element of the particular position that exists in the vector. It throws an exception if the position value is invalid. The uses of the at() function in the C++ vector have shown in this tutorial.

Syntax:

The syntax of this function is given below. This function takes the specific position as an argument value and returns the value of that position if the position value exists.

vector.at(position)

Example-1: Read each element of a vector

The way to print each element of the vector by using at() function has shown in the following example. A vector of string values has been defined in the code.

The ‘for’ loop has been used to iterate the vector based on the vector size and print each value of the vector in each line by using at() function. The size() function has been used to count the total number of elements of the vector.

//Include library for input and output

#include<iostream>

#include<vector>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    //Declare a vector of string values
    vector Str = {"Welcome", "to", "LinuxHint"};
    //Iterate the string using loop
    for(int i=0; i<Str.size(); i++)
    {
        //Print the character
        cout<< Str.at(i) << "\n";
    }
    cout<< "\n";
    return 0;
}

Output:

The following output will appear after executing the above code. There are 3 elements in the vector that have been printed in the output.

Example-2: Calculate the sum of the vector values

The way to calculate the sum of all values of a vector that contains integer numbers has shown in the following example. A vector of 10 integer numbers has been declared in the code. The first ‘for’ loop has been used to print the values of the vector and the second ‘for’ loop has been used to calculate the sum of all values of the vector. Next, the result of the summation has been printed.

//Include necessary modules

#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main ()
{
    //Declare a vector of integer numbers
    vectorintVector {7, 4, 9, 2, 1, 0, 8, 3, 5, 6};
    //Initialize an integer variable
    int sum = 0;
    //Print the values of the vector
    cout<< "The values of the vector:\n";
    for (int i=0; i<intVector.size(); i++)
        cout<< ' ' << intVector.at(i);
    cout<< '\n';

    //Calculate the sum of the vector values
    for (int i=0; i<intVector.size(); i++)
        sum += intVector.at(i);

    //Print the sum value
    cout<< "The sum of all vector values is:" << sum << "\n";

    return 0;
}

Output:

The following output will appear after executing the above code. The sum of all values (7 + 4 + 9 + 2 + 1 + 0 + 8 +3 +5 + 6) is 45 that has printed in the output.

Example-3: Search a particular value in the vector

The way to search a particular value in a vector using at() function has shown in the following example. A vector of 10 integer numbers has been used in the code like the previous example. The values of the vector have been printed by using a ‘for’ loop and at() function.

The searching value will be taken from the user. Another ‘for’ loop has been used to search the input value into the vector and set the value of the variable, found to be true if the input value exists in the vector.

//Include necessary modules

#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main ()
{
    //Declare a vector of integer numbers
    vectorintVector {7, 4, 9, 2, 1, 0, 8, 3, 5, 6};
    //Initialize an integer variable
    bool found = false;
    int number;

    //Print the values of the vector
    cout<< "The values of the vector:\n";
    for (int i=0; i<intVector.size(); i++)
        cout<< ' ' << intVector.at(i);
    cout<< '\n';

    //Take a number to search
    cout<>number;
    //Search the number into the vector using loop
    for (int i=0; i<intVector.size(); i++)
    {
        if(intVector.at(i) == number)
        {
            found = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    //Print message based on the search result
    if(found == true)
        cout<< "The number is found.\n";
    else
        cout<< "The number is not found.\n";
    return 0;
}

Output:

The following output will appear after executing the above code. The value 2 exists in the vector, and the message, “The number is found” has been printed.

The value 11 does not exist in the vector and the message, “The number is not found” has been printed.

Example-4: Search value based on conditions in the vector

The way to find out those values from the vector that are divisible by 5 and 3 has shown in the following example. Five integer values will be taken from the user and inserted into an empty vector by using the push_back() function. After insertion, each value of the vector will be divided by 3 and 5. If the remainder values of both divisions are zero, then that value of the vector will be printed.

#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

#include <cmath>

using namespace std;
int main()
{
    //Declare an empty vector
    vectorintVector;
    //Declare an integer number
    int number;
    for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
    {
        //Take a number to insert
        cout<>number;
        //Insert the number
        intVector.push_back(number);
    }

    /*
    Print the numbers which are divisible
    by 5 and 3
    */

    cout<< "The numbers divisible by 5 and 3 are:\n";
    for (int i=0; i<intVector.size(); i++) {
        if(intVector.at(i) % 5 ==0 && intVector.at(i) %3 == 0)
        cout<< intVector.at(i) << " ";
    }
    cout<< "\n";
    return 0;
}

Output:

The following output will appear after executing the above code for the input values, 5, 9, 15, 8, and 45. Here, 15 and 45 are divisible by 3 and 5.

Conclusion:

Different uses of at() function in C++ vector have been described in this tutorial by using multiple examples. The at() function can also be used for string data type. I hope the reader will be able to use this function in vector for various purposes after reading this tutorial.



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